Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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For the West, concerns about dependency are often cast in terms of China’s dominance in producing critical goods such as pharmaceuticals or the lithium essential in most batteries.
However it happens, a world in which trade isn’t structured around the dollar will require a massive transformation of the structure of global trade — and for surplus countries like Brazil, Germany, Saudi Arabi, and China, this is likely to be a very disruptive transformation.
As China seeks greater commercial and military advantage across the world’s oceans, its expansive global network of commercial ports both reflects and amplifies its growing power.
Some degree of Chinese influence displacing U.S. initiatives is unavoidable, but the United States can leverage individual strength points to collaborate with both Brazil and Mexico.
Washington also needs to re-engage in negotiations with China to manage difficulties in the bilateral relationship. And to better compete, the United States should get back into the business of signing trade deals.
As governments around the world grapple with regulating AI, they can draw lessons from China’s experience.
The technology rivalry that pervades the political, military and economic dimensions of Beijing and Washington’s bilateral ties affects networks around the world.
For Beijing, the lesson is less about economics and more about diplomacy and relationships.
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has upended geopolitics in Central Asia, but perhaps nowhere more than in Kazakhstan, where President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has been increasingly emboldened in managing ties with Moscow.
The world’s second-largest economy is awakening from a yearslong stupor. Since the pandemic’s onset, China’s “Zero COVID” policy has imposed harsh side effects on its commerce.