Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
1 to 10 of about 159
The fight against climate change will fuel the emergence of new types of sanctions, tariffs, and export controls. In retaliation against these measures, China and Russia could weaponize access to critical minerals, posing a threat to U.S. national security.
Russia’s technology imports are recovering in defiance of Western sanctions. A key element in that equation: illicit, Beijing-supported shipments through Hong Kong.
It is precisely because of, and not in spite of, the fact that Moscow and Pyongyang have repeatedly held their nuclear arsenals over Western heads that leaders should take these threats seriously.
Russia’s hybrid attacks have strengthened Ukraine’s social cohesion and public resolve. To further enhance Ukrainian resilience, the EU should share best practices, expand sanctions, and support the country’s democratic reforms.
The war can continue along three possible scenarios: a stalemate, Ukraine wins, or Russia wins. For now, a Ukrainian breakthrough in the south of the country could be as likely to trigger a dramatic escalation of the war as to end it.
Serbia is pursuing EU membership yet continues to cultivate ties with Russia. To secure President Vucic’s cooperation and win over the disgruntled Serbian public, the union must use its leverage in the region.
Nothing in Putin’s record suggests that he will stop trying to drag Ukraine back into Russia’s sphere of influence. In fact, Putin’s consistent, persistent policy toward Europe and the United States, together with Ukraine’s critical place between Russia and the Western alliance, suggests that he is not about to change course.
The EU must build a new set of ambitious policies that treats Russia as a major threat to peace and stability in Europe, while continuing to engage with its people. A longer-term Russia strategy begins with a “Ukraine First” policy.
External interference in the West’s domestic affairs has prompted the European Parliament to consider tightening restrictions on foreign funding and individuals. The EU must tackle this challenge without eroding civic spaces or limiting support for civil society.
Russia has raised the prospect of using Transdniestria to open a second front against Ukraine and to pressure Moldova.