Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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More political leaders—both left- and right-leaning—have used populist strategies in the past five years than at any time since the 1930s. That is bad news for countries’ economies and businesses.
Some Chinese firms have sought to localize to meet Brazil’s stringent local content requirements. This has yielded mixed results. Brazil must craft a long-term strategy for its economic relationship with China to increase the odds that bilateral engagement can advance in a new and more sustainable, mutually beneficial direction.
Argentina is one of the few places in the world where China has made considerable investments in renewable energy. It is Argentinians themselves who successfully pushed Chinese players to help rebuild their power grid from the ground up.
Chinese mining conglomerates sought to adapt to local conditions by forging alliances with the Ecuadorian national government. But these Chinese efforts to leverage local players undercut and divided Indigenous opposition in unsustainable ways that have backfired.
Chinese-funded railway projects in the Brazilian Amazon were profoundly shaped by dynamic institutional learning on both sides and sharp public debates in Brazil about environmental sustainability.
Regional governance has so far failed to help Latin America overcome its numerous challenges. Yet cooperation persists in some formats, and it will be a necessary instrument going forward.
During the pandemic, Chinese medical and equipment supplies to Chile have come mostly from a diverse cast of Chinese players with local experience in Chile. They adapted to Chile’s unique system of emergency and disaster management.
Recent uprisings in countries across the world suggest that there is much that other protesters can learn to pressure regimes for reforms.
The spike in global protests is becoming a major trend in international politics, but care is needed in ascertaining the precise nature and impact of the phenomenon.
In order to for middle-income countries to successfully transition into advanced economies, their policymakers should look at the lessons learned by countries that successfully made the jump.