Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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Serbia leveraged migrating Tunisians to pressure the EU, until closing the route last November. Yet other countries will continue to use migrants to gain advantage over Europe until a common system is developed.
In a year dominated by the rhetoric of defending democracy, EU democracy support policies were adjusted in important ways to align with the new geopolitical context. However, the union also seemed to treat commitments in this area as second-order priorities compared to security.
Across the Arab world, different education reform initiatives have had varying levels of success in different contexts. This paper explores some types of education reform that could serve as groundwork for broader change.
Tunisia's planned free trade zone in Ben Guerdane has stalled while similar projects in Libya have advanced. If Tunisian authorities move quickly to revitalize the plan, they can boost the economy and give hope to the marginalized border population.
The EU’s inward-looking response to the coronavirus pandemic has dented the bloc’s credibility in the eyes of the Global South. To rebuild trust, the EU must renew its efforts in building more equal partnerships.
Algeria and Egypt pressed China’s telecom national champion Huawei for more value-added manufacturing and technology transfers. The company responded, but it ultimately improved its brand image without engaging in meaningful capacity building.
IMF proposals and Egyptian government initiatives offer an opportunity to bring the country's powerful military-owned companies under consolidated ownership and regulatory frameworks, mitigating their adverse impacts on economic output, public finances, and private sector development.
Egyptian military agencies and companies provide significant economic benefits, but both their achievements and their shortcomings point to the need to reconsider their business model and role in the civilian economy.
The challenge for Western policymakers is to avoid viewing Russian activism in the Eastern Mediterranean and North Africa through an exclusively zero-sum lens. The region’s political disarray, complexities, and especially the unpredictability of local rulers all present built-in buffers to Russian influence—as they do to all external players.
Russia has returned as a major actor in the Mediterranean. Yet a closer look at its economic tool kit in this region suggests concerns about Russian economic capabilities are likely overstated.