Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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Russia has achieved far less via cyber warfare in Ukraine than many Western observers expected. Many aspects of Moscow's approach to cyber operations have been misunderstood and overlooked.
There are several steps U.S. federal and state officials can take to strengthen coordination and information sharing on cyber incidents.
Discourse on social media increasingly affects personal financial decisions. This may improve market efficiency, yet it may also provide malicious actors with opportunities for disinformation and disruption. Financial authorities, governments, and other stakeholders must work together to counter this threat.
Cyber threats to nuclear command, control, and communications systems (NC3) attract increasing concerns. Carnegie and partners have developed a platform of unclassified knowledge to enable U.S.-China engagement on this issue.
Recently, EU cybersecurity regulation has focused on risks to the financial sector. However, complicated, overlapping regulation systems show the growing need for a comprehensive cybersecurity framework.
Cybersecurity is a unique challenge for the financial sector. To prevent massive financial losses, banks and other financial institutions should understand how cyber threat groups could launch complex new cyber attacks.
The shift to cloud computing has helped improve cybersecurity, but it isn't without risk. Mapping out those risks and their impacts is vital to ensuring the cloud remains safe and secure.
Cyber incidents involving financial institutions can pose a significant risk to overall financial stability. Policymakers must understand the structures and relationships connecting the cyber and financial networks to identify vulnerabilities, prevent failures, and mitigate and recover from potential crisis scenarios.
As cyber threats multiply, efforts to establish international norms for cyber activity have created a disjointed ecosystem. Is the fragmentation a cause for concern or an opportunity to promote cyber stability and security?
Cyber risk has become a key issue for financial stakeholders, yet it's poorly understood. Risk exposure, security measures, and shock buffers are critical elements to be discussed.