Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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Decades of corruption have paradoxically led to the Syrian Army's resilience in the face of a multifront war and tens of thousands of defections.
Marginalized for decades under former presidents Habib Bourguiba and Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, the Tunisian military has begun to see its fortunes reverse after the 2011 revolution.
The Lebanese Armed Forces, one of the few state institutions that is regarded by most citizens as trustworthy and legitimate, continues to reflect the communal and political cleavages of broader Lebanese society.
The self-proclaimed Islamic State’s takeover of Mosul in the summer of 2014 was a dark moment for Iraq’s military whose four well-armed divisions rapidly disintegrated.
The issue of unifying Kurdish military forces has been on the Kurdish region’s public agenda since 1991. Seventeen years later, the various peshmerga forces remain divided along partisan lines.
The Syrian government has had a dual approach to its wartime economy, intervening when necessary but often adopting a laissez-faire stance towards traders.
While desertions have contributed to the emergence of an armed rebellion since early fall 2011, they have failed to critically weaken the Syrian regime’s army.
Although legislation has been passed creating equality between the sexes in the Algerian military, women still have a long road ahead to gain full equality.