Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
1 to 10 of about 205
Ongoing negotiations between Syria and Türkiye may change the outlines of their border regions. But they won't alter the basic reality of cantonization.
Serbia leveraged migrating Tunisians to pressure the EU, until closing the route last November. Yet other countries will continue to use migrants to gain advantage over Europe until a common system is developed.
Across the Arab world, different education reform initiatives have had varying levels of success in different contexts. This paper explores some types of education reform that could serve as groundwork for broader change.
Saudi Arabia’s security is contingent on Yemen’s stability and economic prosperity. As such, Riyadh should help revive Yemen’s moribund economy, in both the borderlands and the inland agricultural sector.
Tunisia's planned free trade zone in Ben Guerdane has stalled while similar projects in Libya have advanced. If Tunisian authorities move quickly to revitalize the plan, they can boost the economy and give hope to the marginalized border population.
IMF proposals and Egyptian government initiatives offer an opportunity to bring the country's powerful military-owned companies under consolidated ownership and regulatory frameworks, mitigating their adverse impacts on economic output, public finances, and private sector development.
After a decade of civil war, Syria’s border with Turkey is divided. Yet long-term stability will require a peace agreement that treats the border as an indivisible whole.
In Iraq’s Eastern Basra region, regional conflicts and illicit activity have contributed to environmental decay, which in turn furthers instability. Unless these problems are addressed, there will be long-term consequences for Iraq and the Middle East.
Egyptian military agencies and companies provide significant economic benefits, but both their achievements and their shortcomings point to the need to reconsider their business model and role in the civilian economy.
The challenge for Western policymakers is to avoid viewing Russian activism in the Eastern Mediterranean and North Africa through an exclusively zero-sum lens. The region’s political disarray, complexities, and especially the unpredictability of local rulers all present built-in buffers to Russian influence—as they do to all external players.